{"id":62,"date":"2024-07-22T23:12:15","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T15:12:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.erishen.cn\/wordpress\/?p=62"},"modified":"2024-07-22T23:12:15","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T15:12:15","slug":"nginx-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e4%b8%8e%e6%95%85%e9%9a%9c%e6%8e%92%e6%9f%a5%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/?p=62","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. \u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u7f16\u8f91 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Nginx \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u7f16\u8f91\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/example.conf<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/example.conf\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>1.2 \u6dfb\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5757\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee3\u7406\u5230 8080 \u7aef\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;  # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u57df\u540d\n\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/localhost:8080;\n        proxy_set_header Host $host;\n        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>1.3 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d Nginx \u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nginx -t\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<p>\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d Nginx \u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl reload nginx\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h2>2. \u914d\u7f6e SSL\/TLS \u8bc1\u4e66<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 \u5b89\u88c5 Certbot<\/h3>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5 Certbot\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ubuntu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt update\nsudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>CentOS\/RHEL<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo yum install epel-release\nsudo yum install certbot python3-certbot-nginx\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.2 \u751f\u6210\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 Certbot \u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e Nginx\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com  # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u57df\u540d\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>2.3 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee <code>https:\/\/example.com<\/code> \u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e66\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssllabs.com\/ssltest\/\">SSL Labs SSL Test<\/a> \u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.4 \u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\/TLS<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e SSL\/TLS\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;  # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u57df\u540d\n    return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri;\n}\n\nserver {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;  # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u57df\u540d\n\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/fullchain.pem;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/privkey.pem;\n\n    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;\n    ssl_ciphers &#39;TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-CBC-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-CBC-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384&#39;;\n    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;\n\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/localhost:8080;\n        proxy_set_header Host $host;\n        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>2.5 \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d Nginx \u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl reload nginx\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h2>3. \u89e3\u51b3\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u67e5\u627e\u5360\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u5360\u7528 443 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo netstat -tulnp | grep :443\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<p>\u6216\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ss -tulnp | grep :443\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>3.2 \u505c\u6b62\u5360\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID (PID)\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo kill -9 &lt;PID&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>3.3 \u68c0\u67e5 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u4e2a Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bd5\u56fe\u76d1\u542c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo grep -R &quot;listen 443&quot; \/etc\/nginx\/\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>3.4 \u68c0\u67e5 Apache \u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u786e\u8ba4 Apache \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u76d1\u542c 443 \u7aef\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo grep -R &quot;Listen 443&quot; \/etc\/httpd\/\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<p>\u6216\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo grep -R &quot;Listen 443&quot; \/etc\/apache2\/\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>3.5 \u8c03\u6574 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c Nginx \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-nginx\">server {\n    listen 8443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;  # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u57df\u540d\n\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/fullchain.pem;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/privkey.pem;\n\n    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;\n    ssl_ciphers &#39;TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-CBC-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-CBC-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384&#39;;\n    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;\n\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/localhost:8080;\n        proxy_set_header Host $host;\n        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>3.6 \u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n<p>\u91cd\u542f Nginx \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart nginx\nsudo systemctl restart apache2  # \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Apache\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>3.7 \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/h3>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u60c5\u51b5\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo lsof -i :443\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h3>3.8 \u786e\u8ba4\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4<\/h3>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u51c6\u786e\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\"><pre data-toolbar-order=\"copy\" data-prismjs-copy><code class=\"language-bash\">date\n<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\/TLS\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e14\u7aef\u53e3\u672a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u68c0\u67e5\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e76\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u652f\u6301\u56e2\u961f\u8054\u7cfb\u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3 1.1 \u7f16\u8f91 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \u5728 Nginx \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6216 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erishen.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}